20 Insights on Jobs and AI-Driven Vibe Coding
AI coding changes more than developer productivity. It creates a review economy where framing, debugging, curation, and accountability rise faster than raw code output.
Writing
Insights
One practice across culture, space, craft, product, and AI. Essays and frameworks you can use - not only read.
A Good Move From the Wrong Ground Still Costs You
A correct visible move can still distort a life or company if it was made from fear, borrowed timing, or weak contact with reality.
A Method Can Become Another Place to Hide
Methods can clarify life, but they can also become a protected space where a person keeps preparing instead of entering the thing itself.
A Room Teaches Before Anyone Speaks
A space gives instructions before language does. The body reads invitation, neglect, hierarchy, and belonging almost immediately.
A Soul That Keeps Reaching, a Life That Finally Lands
Some lives are shaped by upward longing. Others turn on the quieter moment when the distance softens and the person finally inhabits what is already here.
A Table for Many Cultures
Food can host learning, memory, and hospitality in public space when it is treated as shared culture rather than retail.
A Useful Misreading Can Still Bring the Right Person
Not every useful meeting begins under the right interpretation. Sometimes an inaccurate first reading is still valuable because it gets the real relationship into motion.
Agent-to-Agent Systems Are a Different Game
Multi-agent AI is org design, not bigger prompts. Handoff contracts, verification harnesses, compounding errors, observability, when to stay single-agent.
AI Gets Better Inside a Product Loop, Not Outside It
AI gets stronger inside a real product loop where users, review, correction, and operating truth keep shaping the system. Outside that loop, many teams are only refining demos.
AI in Action: Smarter Development Workflows
How strong teams actually use AI in development: separate generation from hardening, avoid the handoff trap, and design workflows around review reality.
AI Is Rewriting the Venture Building Framework
Generation got cheap, so validate-build-scale compresses into fast loops. What changes for venture builders, what stays true: markets, trust, unit economics.
AI Makes Weak Operational Thinking Expensive
AI punishes weak operational thinking by making vague workflows, soft ownership, and unowned escalation paths visible faster and at higher cost.
AI-Native Products Should Sell Completed Outcomes, Not Feature Access
AI-native products get stronger when they stop selling feature access and start selling finished work: a task completed, a workflow advanced, or an outcome delivered.
AI-Native SaaS Is an Intelligence Layer, Not a Feature Shell
AI-native SaaS stops being a feature shell and becomes an intelligence layer embedded in real workflows, real data, and real learning loops.
AI Needs a Harness Before It Needs Autonomy
AI teams often chase autonomy too early. The stronger move is to build a harness first: constraints, escalation, review paths, and product boundaries that let the system move without becoming reckless.
Appetite, Not Estimates: Shape Up for Creative Work
Shape Up appetite is a time budget, not a guess. Shape a small coding bet and keep a circuit breaker so the form can actually finish.
Architecture, Furniture, and Art as One System
Architecture, modular furniture, and art as one system - branding and craft included. Design lead thinking on joins, tradeoffs, and failure modes.
Art as a Bridge: Connection, Understanding, and Learning
Art and culture are not decoration. They are bridges: connection without forcing sameness, understanding across difference, and learning that holds because it is lived.
Automation Does Not Remove Judgment. It Reassigns It
Automation does not eliminate judgment. It relocates it into workflow design, escalation thresholds, exception handling, and the question of who owns the outcome when the system is wrong.
Beyond the Breakthrough Myth
The real innovation bottleneck is not ideation. It is absorption capacity: whether a team can notice a useful signal, test it, and actually integrate the learning.
Building Systems That Survive Change
The key architecture move is drawing the right freeze lines: what must stay stable, what should stay easy to change, and what debt you are willing to finance on purpose.
Building Technology the New Way Requires Exploring Code, Systems, and Configuration
In the AI era, building is no longer only writing code. The real work moves across code, configuration, system behavior, and the operational surfaces where product reality gets decided.
Clarity Is Often a Brutality Toward Noise
Clarity is not always kind. It often arrives by cutting away the language, options, and social fog people were using to avoid the real decision.
Code Starts as Shape, Not Syntax
For designers told to code who do not like terminals: start from a shape you can see. Taste first, syntax later.
Complex Ideas, Clear Forms You Can Use and Feel
Practice thesis: complex ideas become clear forms people can use and feel. Spatial design, objects, art, and writing share one judgment loop.
Conversational Discovery: Art, Innovation, and a Balanced Practice
Conversational discovery is a method essay: turn project requirements and artistic beauty into one balanced practice - not a certified product claim.
Copying the Behavior Is Not the Same as Entering the Life
The visible move is only the outer edge of a deeper system. Copying behavior without the ground that produced it usually creates imitation, not entry.
Crafting Your Signature Digital Product
Build a signature product in three stages: foundation (who and what changes), architecture (journey and systems), and evolution (feedback and expansion).
Cultural Activation After Dark: Programming, Climate, and Lingering
Cultural activation is designing conditions for outdoor program - after dark, in real climate - so culture is possible, not only announced.
Cultural Objects and the Feature Wall
Cultural objects and feature walls hold memory in the room. Crafted series - like wooden engravings - work as system, with tests and failure modes.
Culture Is Not Content
Content can point at culture, but it cannot substitute for the rituals, forms, and repeated permissions that make culture real.
Curiosity as a Competitive Advantage for Product Builders
Curiosity is not soft skill fluff for builders. Research habits, better questions, learning loops, and anti-FOMO systems that compound faster than tool stacks.
Decision Making in the Age of AI
Information is free now, judgment is not. Which decisions stay human, why decision latency is the real bottleneck, and how to choose among AI options.
Design the Escalation Layer Before You Add More Agents
Teams that add more agents before designing escalation usually scale ambiguity instead of capability. The escalation layer is where trust, authority, and recovery are actually designed.
Designing Workflow Memory Before You Add More Agents
Many teams try to solve continuity problems by adding more agents. The deeper problem is often weaker workflow memory: the system cannot preserve the right context, decisions, and state across time.
Digital Transformation for Tomorrows Enterprise
An operating frame for enterprise digital work: assess maturity, align to strategy, implement in layers, and lead change that sticks.
Ease Looks Mysterious From the Side
Ease often looks magical from outside because outsiders see the smooth surface but not the standards, integration, and repetitions that made that surface possible.
Emergent Patterns in Venture Building
Useful patterns form at boundaries. How to notice them early, build adaptive product and org architecture, and double down on what works.
How to Enjoy Coding as an Artist: Generate a Thousand, Keep Thirty
Programming can generate 1000 images in a day. Keep about 3 percent. Those thirty works are the studio. The cull is how taste improves.
Every Edge Case Is a Decision the System Never Owned
Most recurring edge cases are not random anomalies. They are decisions about thresholds, ownership, and system boundaries that were never made clearly enough to survive reality.
Every Useful AI Workflow Is a Negotiation Between Probability and Control
A useful AI workflow is never only generative or only deterministic. It works because probability and control are arranged in the right relationship.
Explanation Cannot Lend You Permission
Many people ask for explanation when what they are really missing is permission. The problem is that permission cannot be borrowed from someone else's language.
Extending the Library Beyond Its Walls
How I approached spatial and cultural activation design for the Mohammed Bin Rashid Library outdoor landscape: mission outside the walls, three pillars, honest scope.
Financial Understanding with Heart and Community, Not Only Profit
Money literacy that lasts leads with heart and community, not only profit. How story and framework work together in regenerative wealth research.
Food Can Host Culture, But It Cannot Replace It
Food can support public culture beautifully. The mistake is making it the whole plan.
The Forward Deployed Engineer: Mastering AI Deployment in the Real World
Building models is no longer the bottleneck. FDEs bridge messy business reality and production AI with judgment about where intelligence belongs.
From MVP to MVP Loops: Testing Ventures Continuously
The MVP became a standing loop. How to run continuous thesis testing with written hypotheses, learning velocity metrics, and honest kill decisions.
Good Architecture Tracks Decisions Across Unfolding States
Good architecture is the ability to preserve decision history, assumptions, and risk across a system whose states keep unfolding over time.
Guide to Product Decisions
Stop building what you should buy. Use Wardley Mapping as a practical tool for smarter build-vs-buy and product evolution decisions.
Human Judgment Is the Scarce Layer
Execution got cheap. Deciding what deserves it did not. Where judgment concentrates in AI-native ventures, and how to hire, price for, and protect it.
In AI-Native SaaS, Speed Is a System Capability, Not a Team Slogan
AI-native SaaS does not treat speed as motivational culture alone. It treats speed as a product-system capability: how fast the company can learn, correct, deploy, and improve under real conditions.
In the AI Era, Clarity Is the Product
AI buyers drown in options. What they buy is clarity: precise problem framing, honest scope, and proof. How ventures build and sell decidedness.
Incentives Are the Hidden Architecture of Bad Decisions
A surprising number of bad decisions come from incentives shaping perception before anyone thinks badly on purpose. Incentives quietly decide what gets noticed, softened, delayed, or rewarded.
Infinite Generation Makes Weak Taste Harder to Hide
When the hard part is no longer producing options, weak taste becomes easier to see. The question shifts from can you make more to can you choose what deserves to remain.
Judgment Is the Scarce Product in Code Review and Curatorial Work
In a review economy, judgment becomes the scarce product. Code review and curatorial work start to resemble each other because both are really selection under consequence.
Landscape as Activated Rooms: Space-Making, Not Leftover Land
Space-making thinking: treat outdoor land as rooms with clear activation roles - performance, gathering, play, learning, reflection - not leftover multipurpose void.
Learning Through Culture: Practice as a System
Culture teaches what decks cannot. Art, ritual, and deliberate practice form a learning system - especially when AI makes information cheap and judgment scarce.
Living Near Beauty Changes Decision Quality
Beauty alters more than mood. The environments people live inside quietly reset what feels normal to choose, maintain, and expect from life.
Maps That Tell the Speed of Change
Most roadmaps show position, not velocity. Leading versus lagging signals of change, and how to read how fast your market is actually moving.
Mastery Requires That You Be Changed
Hard problems rewrite your mind. If you refuse that change, you stay on the surface no matter how long you work.
Most Strategy Mistakes Start as Perception Mistakes
Most strategy errors are already present before the decision memo. The first failure is often in what the team thought it was looking at.
Most Technical Debt Is Deferred Judgment, Not Bad Code
The expensive part of technical debt is usually not ugly code. It is delayed judgment about boundaries, states, and what the system is actually allowed to become.
Narrative Artwork as Place-Making, Not Decoration
Outdoor art as place-making thinking: what people should remember, which motifs carry mission, and why art must enter the plan before decoration budgets.
How to Navigate a Changing System
Navigation beats prediction. Build sensing loops, test what has to be true before trusting change, and adjust course without losing the mission.
Emerging Tech Trends 2025: A Strategic Guide
Filter 2025 tech noise: agentic AI, governance, quantum readiness, and sustainability, with reversible first steps and kill criteria.
Node Graphs Are How Visual People Already Program
Node-based tools let you program as a drawing: operations as shapes, wires as flow. Read the graph, then grow into text when you need it.
Not Every Strong Connection Should Become a Business
A strong human connection is not proof of commercial fit. Some relationships lose their real value the moment people force them into a business structure they were never meant to hold.
One Connected Practice: Space, Objects, Art, and Writing
Spatial design, cultural objects, artwork, and research writing share one judgment loop. The same research can show up as room, object, wall, and page.
Orchestration Is a Product Surface, Not a Backend Detail
Most teams treat orchestration as backend plumbing. Users experience it as product quality: speed, continuity, legibility, trust, and recovery when something goes wrong.
Passion, Curiosity, and Synchronicity: Founder Recognition in Practice
Passion, curiosity, and synchronicity are not three slogans. They are founder recognition in practice: care, questions, and timing that work together when AI speeds execution.
Pattern Recognition in Venture Building
A practical stack of technical, design, and growth patterns: how to recognize them, translate the mechanic, and reuse them across contexts.
People Living a Life Cannot Always Explain the Life
The person inside a life and the person explaining that life often hold different kinds of knowledge. Confusing them creates bad learning and shallow imitation.
Precision Is the Tool That Opens Depth
Wonder and drive are not enough. Precise language, models, and tests let you hold structure that intuition alone cannot carry.
Product Design Capabilities Change When AI Enters the Core Loop
Once AI enters the core loop of a product, design is no longer only about screens and flows. It has to absorb trust, review, correction, orchestration, and product behavior under uncertainty.
Product Strategy in Uncertain Markets
Navigate shifting markets with frameworks for product decisions, balancing innovation with validation, and using data to adapt without freezing.
Products That Carry Culture: Design, Memory, and Shared Story
Digital products can carry culture: design language as memory, interfaces as shared story, and craft that connects - not only converts - in the AI age.
Public Knowledge at the Meeting Point of Design, Craft, and Culture in the UAE
Working in the UAE at the meeting point of design, culture, craft, and public knowledge - one practice across space, objects, art, and writing.
Public Space Is Not a Food Court
Commerce can sit in a public landscape. It cannot be the only plan. Thinking through what makes outdoor space cultural rather than a food court with trees.
Public Space Learns From What It Repeats
A public space becomes what it rehearses. Repeated transactions, repeated gathering, repeated learning, repeated exclusion - all of them teach the body what the place really is.
Recognition Is Often Smarter Than the Agenda
An agenda can be accurate and still too small. Recognition often notices the truer use of a meeting before the stated purpose has caught up.
Reference Hunger Is Not the Same as Taste
A large reference library can signal curiosity or anxiety. Taste begins when references stop being collected as reassurance and start being metabolized into judgment.
Regenerative Wealth: Financial Understanding from a Woman's Perspective
Work in progress: interview-based research for a regenerative wealth series - framework, artwork, and stories with heart and community, not only profit.
I Had to Rename 300 Artworks in a Day
Three hundred files still named dump_001. What happened, what 2026 tools can do, and why you should try more than one pair.
Research Writing as Public Knowledge
Research writing as public knowledge: interviews become frameworks, stories, and cultural form - not only private notes or academic gates.
Rooms Drift When No One Owns the Consequence
Rooms often look indecisive when the deeper issue is simpler: nobody in the room is fully carrying the consequence of the call being made.
How to Ship an MVP Without a Full Product Team
Ship a credible MVP without hiring five specialists first. A lean framework for scope, design, build, launch, and weekly learning cycles.
Slowing Down Is a Capability, Not a Delay
Fast teams install deliberate slow-modes: named decision gates, pauses before irreversible commits, taste formation, and post-mortems that actually calibrate.
Some Relationships Begin as Utility and Reveal Recognition
Some relationships start under a practical need and then reveal something more durable. Usefulness gets people into the room. Recognition decides what survives.
Some Work Relationships Are Actually Friendships in Disguise
Some relationships begin in work because work gives them a safe entrance. The truer form is not always business. Sometimes it is friendship that arrived wearing a professional name.
Spaces That Carry Culture: Spatial Design with Meaning
Spatial design that carries culture: gathering, craft, and meaning built into plan and material - not only into finishes. Decision order and failure modes.
Standing on the Bank, Talking About the River
You can describe the river beautifully and still remain dry. This is a scene-led argument about the cost of staying beside life while calling that proximity wisdom.
Startups vs Scaleups in an AI-Dominated Future
The core difference in AI-era careers is not speed or prestige. Startups maximize decision surface area. Scaleups maximize consequence surface area.
Strategy Fails When the Self Stays Split
The strategy may be correct, but if the person or team carrying it is split between the move and the commentary around the move, the strategy weakens from inside.
Studying the Life Is Not the Same as Entering It
You can become highly informed about a life and still remain outside it. Study has value, but it is not the same event as entry.
Synchronicity as Practical Noticing in the AI Era
Synchronicity without mysticism: treat timing, weak signals, and coincidence as data for product and career decisions. Notice more, guess less.
Systems Fail First in the Places People Call Edge Cases
The so-called edge case is often the first place where your model of the world stops matching the world itself. That is why systems fail there before they fail anywhere else.
Technical Debt Becomes Expensive When Nobody Can Price the Tradeoff
Technical debt becomes politically durable when engineering cannot price the tradeoff clearly enough for the business to act on it. The issue is not only debt. It is unpriced consequence.
The 30-Day Builder Challenge for the AI Era
A practical 30-day program for founders and builders: passion focus, curiosity drills, and noticing patterns, with week tables and AI used only where it helps.
The AI Future Is Closer Than You Think
Near-term AI shifts for work, learning, and product building, with a clear split between hype and what to practice this quarter.
The Annoyance You Feel Is Real
Sometimes the frustration is not impatience or ego. It is the accurate recognition that explanation is being offered where lived entry is what is actually missing.
The Architecture of Decisions
Why some technical decisions age well while others fail fast: decision mapping, strategic depth, and implementation habits that keep choices reversible when needed.
The Artist's Way in the Age of AI
The Artist's Way matters in AI work because infinite generation attacks nerve before it attacks craft. Morning Pages and Artist Dates become tools for discernment, not nostalgia.
The Creative Person's Real Job Is Selection Under Meaning
When generation is cheap, the creative job moves closer to choosing what is necessary, true, and alive rather than merely producing more options.
The Decision Is Rarely the Decision
Teams often obsess over the visible choice while ignoring the deeper structure that made the choice difficult in the first place.
The Feature Wall Is a Test of Seriousness
Feature walls are easy to trivialize. Used seriously, they reveal whether a project actually believes culture is load-bearing or only image-supporting.
Five Approaches to Knowledge Integration
Five approaches to knowledge integration - disciplinary, multi, participatory, inter, and transdisciplinary - and when each one fits product and venture work.
The Form You Live Inside Keeps Editing You
The forms people inhabit keep rewriting them. A room, a workflow, a relationship, or a routine quietly edits what they permit, notice, and become.
The Future of Design: AI, Ethics, and Innovation
Design is experience, judgment, and responsibility, not just visuals. How AI, ethics, and cross-discipline craft change product work.
20 AI Shifts That Matter for Founders and Product Teams
Twenty AI shifts grouped into work, product, craft, and systems, with a plain so-what for founders instead of a sci-fi list.
The New Venture Stack: Small Teams and Agent Fleets
The default startup team is now a few seniors directing agent fleets. What the stack contains: harnesses, evals, review surfaces, orchestration.
The North Star Is Fine. Worshipping the Gap Is the Problem.
Having a destination is not the problem. Trouble starts when the gap between where you are and where you want to be becomes the main object of your attention.
The Original Purpose Is Usually a Doorway
The first reason people meet is often accurate but incomplete. It opens the door. It does not necessarily define the full reality of the relationship that follows.
The Passion Paradox in the AI Era
AI makes output easier. That increases the value of people with real problem appetite: the willingness to stay with a hard problem after the first fluent answer.
The Pattern Is the Commentary
Many people try to replace one thought with a better thought. The deeper pattern is often the whole layer of commentary that keeps life external.
The Portfolio View of Venture Building
Stop betting on one venture. Run small parallel bets, decide kill or scale on evidence, and let AI carry the cost of running several at once.
The Product Manager Evolution
What hybrid product leadership looks like when design, engineering, and business share one judgment stack - from PMF validation to team and distribution scale.
The Proxy Becomes Dangerous When It Replaces the Problem
A proxy can be useful until the team starts obeying it instead of the reality it was meant to indicate. That is where strategic distortion begins.
The Real Work Lives in What Is Not Obvious
Most people stop when a problem looks clear enough. Real leverage sits in the layers ordinary language and casual observation still cannot name.
The Review Bottleneck Is the Real Cost Center in AI Teams
The real cost center in AI-heavy teams is not generation. It is review: the scarce human capacity to verify, reject, sequence, and safely admit what the system keeps producing.
The Right People Often Arrive in the Wrong Costume
A relationship often enters through the wrong apparent purpose. The first agenda gets people into the room, but it does not decide what the connection really is.
The Stack Is Not the System
A stack is a list of technologies. A system is a living arrangement of states, timing, ownership, exceptions, and consequence. The difference matters more than most teams admit.
The State Is Lived, Not Answered
Some states cannot be solved from the outside. They can only be entered, lived, and noticed again when thought turns them back into a problem.
The Venture Builder's Operating Manual for the Agent Era
The practical playbook for agent-era ventures: weekly cadence, harness-before-autonomy, fast and slow modes, clarity artifacts, and maturity stages.
The Venture Builder Playbook
Design meets development in venture building: integrated validation, MVP architecture, team evolution, and systems that scale without silo tax.
The Work Gets Better When the Self Stops Performing Intelligence
A lot of work weakens when the maker is still trying to look intelligent through it. The piece often gets better once that performance pressure drops.
They Told You to Code. You Need Taste in Code.
You were told you need to code. You need taste in code: observation, opinion, and direction about what to build and what to refuse.
This Is Not Fatalism
People often confuse lived acceptance with passivity. The difference is sharp: fatalism stops movement, while direct contact can make action cleaner and less divided.
Too Many Options Is a Coward's Shelter
Option abundance often looks like openness and rigor. In practice, it can become a respectable place to hide from the cost of choosing.
Getting Started in Product Management
A short starter stack for new product managers: MVPs, roadmaps, wireframes, Kanban, jobs-to-be-done, and long-view PM practice.
Trying to Fix Yourself Can Become Another Delay
The wish to improve yourself is not always wrong. But once self-fixing becomes the condition for living, it starts functioning as a more respectable form of delay.
Turning Strategy Into Art
Strategy that works is neither pure spreadsheet nor pure vision. Balance rigor and imagination with hypotheses, creative levers, and fast market tests.
Visual Storytelling for Discovery Experience Design
A practical vocabulary of seven visual storytelling techniques to make discovery flows clearer, more memorable, and easier to act on.
Unowned Edges Fail the Same Way in Rooms and Systems
Rooms and systems fail similarly at the edge when ownership is vague. The unowned exception accumulates ambiguity until consequence arrives and nobody can absorb it cleanly.
UX, Testing, and Seeing as Creative Methods
UX and UI are form work. Testing is a creative seeing method: watch someone use the shape and let the pattern correct you.
Validation at Machine Speed, Evidence Still Decides
Agents compress discovery from weeks to days, but fake evidence got cheap too. Standards that keep validation real: pre-registration, paid pilots.
Venture Building Runs on Loops of Experts
Expertise compounds when it circulates: critique loops, decision reviews, rotation between ventures, and judgment codified into checklists agents can execute.
How Venture Studios Work
How venture studios are structured, how they operate, tradeoffs vs incubators and VCs, and how to evaluate fit as a founder.
Wealth Advice Often Comes From Outside the Territory
A lot of wealth advice is analytically interesting and existentially thin. The problem is not explanation itself, but confusing explanation with a lived relationship to wealth.
What Breaks Under Scale Was Usually Present at Small Size
Scale usually reveals what was already structurally weak: ambiguous ownership, thin state models, and timing assumptions that only looked safe while the system was small.
What Is Value When Generation Is Cheap
When anyone can generate anything, value moves to trust, distribution, integration, and picking the right thing to build. Output is not value.
What Looks Like Automation Is Often Unowned Judgment
A workflow may look repetitive and still be full of human interpretation. If that judgment has no explicit owner, automation usually hides the burden instead of removing it.
What Not to Build When Code Is Cheap
When typing is cheap, direction is the work: what to refuse, what to crop, what not to build. Designers need that opinion more than another stack.
What People Remember Is the Real Brief
A project says many things while it is being made. What people remember afterward is often the clearest evidence of what it was actually designed to do.
What Survives After the Tool Changes
The real question is not whether a tool is powerful now. It is what forms of judgment, craft, and contact still matter after the next tool shift arrives.
When Art Holds Memory: Stories That Outlive the Moment
Art holds memories and stories after the moment is gone. Treat culture as memory infrastructure - what people keep when the feed moves on.
When the Project Ends, the Real Relationship Becomes Visible
A project can hide the truth of a relationship by giving it a temporary structure. When the project ends, what remains becomes much harder to misread.
Why "How Did You Make It?" Usually Fails
The person living the life rarely has a neat map. The person with the neat map is often not living that life.
Why Partner with a Venture Studio
Solo path or studio partnership? How shared operators, infrastructure, and faster learning loops buy down startup risk without erasing founder vision.
Workflow Theater vs Workflow Gain
Many workflow improvements are theatrical: they add visible motion, polish, or modernity without reducing the real bottleneck. Real workflow gain changes cycle time, handoff quality, or recovery under failure.
Working with AI Coding Assistants
AI coding assistants are useful when they inherit a repo constitution: product identity, technical constraints, review rules, and protected core paths. Otherwise they generate prompt debt.
You Can Be Moving and Still Stay Outside the Movement
A person can work hard, improve, and stay active while still remaining outside the life they are trying to enter. Effort and entry are not the same thing.
You Can Learn From Success Without Worshipping the Surface
It is possible to study success seriously without turning another person's visible life into a code you obey or an identity you try to borrow.
You Cannot Borrow Another Person's Timing
Another person's timing can teach you something, but once you turn it into a pace you obey, it stops being guidance and starts becoming distortion.